tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-280816412011-06-08T06:44:59.146Z<a href=http://anyonebutken.blogspot.com><img src=http://photos1.blogger.com/blogger/4671/2255/1600/banner.jpg.jpg></a> <br>A Blog Dedicated to ridding the world's greatest city of Ken LivingstoneSerfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.comBlogger1441100tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-15918081318872297292008-05-03T10:21:00.001Z2008-05-03T10:21:51.022Z

That is all.

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-27327011368441307862007-09-27T09:59:00.000Z2008-12-09T08:25:04.551Z

The battle had already started with the clumsy attempts by Livingstone's team to smear Boris Johnson before he had even won the race to be the Conservative candidate for Mayor of London.But now it is official and Londoners have a real choice, between the hypocritical, bitter and divisive reactionary who taints our capital city by inviting terrorist sympathisers and human rights abusing left wing

Tonynoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-11938452024885300682007-09-13T14:31:00.000Z2008-12-09T08:25:04.840Z

These two fine figures of health and fitness, Len Duvall and Ken Livingstone have set themselves up as arbiters of what is attractive and what is healthy:And why are they straying somewhat beyond their respective remits of chairing the Metropolitan Police Authority / the Greater London Labour party, and hobnobbing with extremists being Mayor of London? Because London Fashion Week is nearly upon

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-55162896720976760172007-08-08T12:03:00.001Z2007-08-08T12:03:56.891Z

Maybe I am being naive, but the concept of 'a consultation' suggests that something is being investigated without there being pre-ordained aim. Not, however, when it comes to City Hall and the Mayor of London.The 'consultation' is about an exciting new class war attack on folk fortunate enough to drive large and / or luxurious cars. Not that it is phrased thus, it is all about CO2 emissions,

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-72349075729878867932007-06-06T18:13:00.000Z2008-12-09T08:25:04.915Z

London Mayor Livingstone Ken has really outdone himself, with flagrant hypocrisy with his latest "green" gimmick.As part of his "DIY Planet Repairs" campaign launch earlier today, he revealed a very large LED screen displaying a counter, which is counting the quantity of CO2 emissions being produced, and wasted, by Londoners.Some of the ideas to for Londoners include switching off lights, and

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-4892710808408215392007-05-20T09:55:00.000Z2007-05-20T10:13:56.919Z

From the other side of the pond we hear of the latest sinister antics of Livingstone's good friend, El Presidente Hugo Chavez of Venezuela. Like our own unreconstructed Communist in London, Chavez intensely dislikes his opponents having a voice and a platform from which to use it. Democracy is inconvenient like that.Unlike Livingstone, Chavez is able to use ruthless tactics to suppress the

Tonynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-57673740809332508132007-05-12T13:03:00.000Z2007-05-12T13:04:14.843Z

Today Livingstone is hosting 'The state of London Debate', with the aim being "a chance to discuss with London’s policy makers the reasons behind London’s success and how it can remain successful in the future".I have had a look at the speakers, all 83 of them, and done a rough and ready sorting into politicians, wonks, lobbyists and the like.This is what I've divined:Elected politicians: 16, of

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-2999640827033490442007-04-03T15:58:00.000Z2007-04-03T16:06:41.848Z

If you drive a motor vehicle that transports less than 40 people at a time, then Ken Livingstone wants to price you off the road. You would have thought that with his fondness for using London's black cabs, Livingstone would be supportive of the fleet and its dedicated drivers. Not a bit of it.As Iain Dale has explained, Livingstone is:... making every cab fit a piece of technology which is

Tonynoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-10022933912077902302007-03-29T09:51:00.000Z2007-03-29T09:52:14.189Z

This time the Japanese government and its people. There may, or may not be a case for arguing that the congestion charge is not a tax, but this hardly classes as diplomacy, especially when conducted on the radio:"Commenting recently about Japan's decision not to contribute toward the central London congestion motoring charge, Ken Livingstone told the LBC radio station, "I think there are several

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-80442990044721821892007-03-21T12:35:00.000Z2007-03-21T12:38:21.246Z

From the BBC:Mayor Ken Livingstone has formally apologised for London's role in the slave trade.He called on Prime Minister Tony Blair to follow suit by issuing an official apology on behalf of the country."The government's refusal of such an apology is squalid," he said, on the eve of the bicentenary of legislation to abolish the slave trade.Mr Livingstone urged fellow Londoners to join him in

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-19671196058910537392007-03-17T11:58:00.000Z2007-03-17T12:08:37.728Z

International travel is one of the things that should appear as an interest on Ken Livingstone's CV. The costs of Livingstone's overseas trips, at the expense of London taxpayers, have increased nearly ten-fold in just three years. The cost of foreign travel by the Mayor’s Office was £36,490 in 2004-05. This rose to £103,130 in 2005-06. However for the year up to December 2006 it had soared (like

Tonynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1917505049284323832007-03-02T08:52:00.000Z2007-03-02T09:08:01.383Z

The gay rights campaigner, Peter Tatchell, has hit back at Chairman Ken, (following the disgraceful double standards shown in a Mayor's statement we touched upon in a post a couple of days ago) accusing Livingstone of dishonesty and making libellous comments. Tatchell has demanded that Livingstone provides evidence to support his accusation of Islamophobia and if he cannot, to make a public

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-43064281749503353482007-03-01T11:07:00.000Z2007-03-01T11:16:55.338Z

The planned strike by London Underground has been called off after a deal was reached for a three year pay deal. Comrade Ken has been quick to celebrate the news and revealed that:'This three-year agreement is great news for both Tube passengers and staff and is a real landmark achievement. Passengers will benefit from the stability provided by the first three-year deal for all staff in the

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-63720009850959523442007-02-28T17:05:00.000Z2007-02-28T17:32:49.264Z

It is quite apparent that Ken Livingstone makes his disdain or contempt for certain people or groups known through his press releases. You only need to compare and contrast issues that receive no Mayoral attention with those that spark a personal intervention to identify which people in our community Livingstone has no time for.As we reported recently, following a wait of three weeks, the Mayor's

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-75996820985261656952007-02-22T12:18:00.000Z2007-02-22T13:04:59.398Z

How could we ever doubt Chairman Ken? It took three weeks, but finally the Mayor's website has gushed forth about the action-packed response to a report by the Community Security Trust (CST) that showed anti-Semitic attacks in the UK had risen 31% in a year, with over half of all attacks taking place in London.As pointed out on the Waendel Journal earlier this month, Livingstone had remained

Tonynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-88830366397669966412007-02-22T12:11:00.000Z2007-02-22T12:15:19.744Z

"Rethinking Rubbish in London" is Ken Livingstone's Municipal Waste Management Strategy. It was published in September 2003 and was in part supposed to address the issue of waste being taken outside of London and buried in landfill sites.Livingstone was proud to tell us on the Mayor's website that: "Since the public consultation on the draft strategy in autumn 2002, a great deal has been

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-67284782893804090382007-02-20T12:39:00.000Z2007-02-20T12:42:13.547Z

There are so many contradictions arising from the oil supply deal agreed between Livingstone and his communist presidential ally in Caracas, Hugo Chavez, that I barely know where to begin. The main one of course is that at a time when Livingstone is trying to assert his environmental credentials, he is buying a type of fuel that we are told contributes to carbon emissions and therefore climate

Tonynoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-68168052990199612182007-02-19T12:30:00.000Z2007-02-19T12:53:52.791Z

From 7.00am this morning the so called Congestion Charge zone was doubled in size as it extended westwards into Chelsea, Kensington, Belgravia, Pimlico, Notting Hill and Bayswater among other places. Livingstone is rubbing his hands and the thought of yet more revenue and the hope of a small reduction in traffic levels.Since the CC was brought in during 2003 (when TfL and Livingstone insisted

Tonynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-38149731384136931182007-02-19T12:23:00.000Z2007-02-19T12:24:32.196Z

Commuters in the towns surrounding London may end up having their rail fares into the city dictated by the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, under plans drawn up by the Department of Transport (DfT). The plan would see the Mayor take control of rail pricing in the Home Counties, which could result in people who have no say over the election of the Mayor in London being forced to pay for transport

Tonynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-30246334625364481212007-02-16T09:57:00.000Z2007-02-16T10:05:42.076Z

As anyone living in London knows, it's only people like me these days that buy daily newspapers. Most people make do with the daily free sheets of which there are now three. The Metro (in the morning) and the London Lite and the London Paper in the evening. As you can imagine these cause quite a lot of rubbish in the Tube and buses as people have a tendancy to leave them for the next person to

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-86686564067608871442007-02-15T09:55:00.000Z2007-02-15T09:56:28.821Z

Douglas Murray at Livingstone's recent event.

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-65476204828322219662007-02-14T17:00:00.000Z2007-02-14T17:16:44.335Z

As per the post on the 18 Doughty Street post below? Perhaps his ideolgocal allies and collagues - which include members of the now defunct Trotsykite Socialist Alliance - might think so, but consider the latest press release from his people on his budget, headlined, 'Free travel safeguarded for now - 'nasty' tendency unrepentant'.The 'sustained' attacks on 'free' transport he has been mouthing

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-90466723006571402352007-02-14T11:52:00.000Z2007-02-14T12:01:06.088Z

The team at 18 Doughty Street has launched the third of its attack ad campaigns designed to address issues politicians all too often shy away from discussing. The subject of this third ad is none other than the Dear Leader, Ken Livingstone.You can watch the attack ad on the 18 Doughty Street website. When you have watched the ad do tell us via the comments section if you feel the ad is the sort

Tonynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1754367702051573172007-02-09T14:17:00.000Z2007-02-09T14:23:52.318Z

A press release by London Councils (formerly known as the Association of London Government) yet again highlights that Ken's plans for a Low Emission Zone, aren't a green as he makes them out to be.The plans, to charge high polluting vehicles to enter London, will bring virtually no added improvements to the capital's air quality despite costing around £600 million to introduce and enforce.In

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-48045919874006555442007-02-08T16:26:00.000Z2007-02-08T16:30:53.714Z

A recent debate at the Queen Elizabeth II centre in London mentioned on this site recently - A World Civilisation or a Clash of Civilisations – featured Ken Livingstone and Salma Yaqoob squaring off against Daniel Pipes and Douglas Murray.Given that many people were unable to attend the event there has been quite some interest in a transcript or video recording of the main debate being released.

Tonynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-43369570865956558222007-02-07T12:07:00.000Z2007-02-07T12:10:33.511Z

I'm honoured to be joining the team on 'Anyone But Ken', so I thought I would crack on right away with this piece of news.The Supplemental Toll Provisions Bill is the name of a proposed piece of legislation going through Parliament that Conservatives say will enable Transport for London (TfL) - Ken Livingstone - to make any road in London a toll road, allowing them to charge motorists at will for

Tonynoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-66399756529414446412007-02-07T11:18:00.000Z2007-02-07T11:19:32.677Z

Is it within the remit of the Mayor's press office to monitor blogs by borough councillors and then to smear those with opinions different to his own as being 'extreme'? Maybe it is, maybe it is not - but it happens.Councillor Phil Taylor of Ealing Northfield ward blogs and has noted the cost of 'free' travel for the old and disabled as being £213m, and makes the perfectly respectable assertion

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-24963162592397782742007-01-29T15:27:00.000Z2007-01-29T15:28:06.471Z

As is painfully obvious, the mayor is keen to get his hands on ever more areas of the capital's life more properly dealt with by borough councils or the citizenry themselves. However, the attempted land grabs are quite mild compared to how he reacts if he thinks he might be undermined.In his, or the press office's. words: "The Mayor of London Ken Livingstone said today that he must retain the

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-71508041916761520372007-01-29T13:34:00.000Z2007-01-29T13:47:41.156Z

Take these two statements:I am a classic liberal on this - I endorse completely John Stuart Mill's formula that you should be able to do anything you want as long as it does not interfere with others.But I am a socialist because I know without an escape from poverty, without healthcare, education, housing, and many other things, "freedom to chose" is a hollow sham.Are they not mutually exclusive?

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-45386560131548355662007-01-25T09:14:00.000Z2007-01-25T09:53:53.692Z

I read the following press release with a little curiosity.As with London's other international achievements in the last period, such as winning the Olympic Games, London achieved this success by adopting a strategy of being the city that embraces globalisation.How can the darling of the extreme left, make such statements? After all this is the man whose best friends are fighting hardest against

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-34504344661652713342007-01-24T09:51:00.000Z2007-01-24T09:54:15.659Z

We do not see much of the Mayor in these parts, but he has developed a keen interest in Croydon's tram system:“New information has now come to light. In October last year, HMRI found Tramtrack Croydon Ltd to be in breach of both the Health and Safety at Work Act and Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations. As a result, Tramtrack Croydon Ltd was served with two Improvement Notices.

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-85597319114552204402007-01-24T07:13:00.000Z2007-01-24T07:14:48.592Z

Our least favourite Mayor, is the subject of a petition.Personally I prefer to campaign to get him voted out the usual way.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-76012725754788705632007-01-24T07:00:00.000Z2007-01-24T07:03:31.816Z

Press Release from Hammersmith & Fulham CouncilCampaigners against the West London Tram have warned that the project could leave Londoners with a bill of £315 for every household in the capital. The figures were revealed on the eve of a major Tram Summit, organised by the three councils affected, to rally opposition against the scheme.The summit will be held on Wednesday 24th January, at 7pm in

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-80729822677340459362007-01-23T09:31:00.000Z2007-01-23T09:34:25.815Z

London Salmon has an interesting post, on blogging and the Mayoral Election.I think blogging has a lot to offer to upcoming Mayoral contest. For too long the London media have towed the Livingstone line, unwilling to question his policies and ideas, instead focusing on the personality flaws, and not covering any issue in any detail whatsoever.I hope so.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-51011269936533478402007-01-22T09:55:00.000Z2007-01-22T09:58:06.427Z

Much has been said on the privacy implications of Oyster, but Stephen Pollard had a different problem.The latest thing has been putting £40 cash on my Oystercard last night, getting on a bus this morning and having it record that I have only 90 pence on it. And when I then go back to the station where I put the money on, being told that it is not possible that I added £40 as the system cannot

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-36155524013249469872007-01-22T08:48:00.000Z2007-01-22T08:53:52.026Z

Another generous use of taxpayers cash, A World Civilisation or a Clash of CivilisationsAdloyada has a good sum up here, and Oliver Kamm's is here.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-83145122523701170322007-01-19T13:20:00.000Z2007-01-19T15:58:48.184Z

The Mayor of London appears to have done a Tessa Jowell a la Brasseye Special and issued a statement condemning Big Brother within which lies proof that he has not actually watched the show. In his press release here, he says, Ms Shetty has been subjected to sustained racism. Contestants have said: “You need elocution lessons."In fact, it was Ms Shetty who said that to Jade Goody. Arguably she

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-8492311253217960442007-01-16T09:20:00.000Z2007-01-16T09:23:45.405Z

I do wonder how Livingstone finds the time to attempt to rebut just about anything The Standard, London Councils (individually and collectively) etc say about London, in between hob-nobbing with dictators, insulting ethnic minority Londoners and generally behaving in an odd way, but he does.London Councils has put out a release noting that "when London boroughs’ recycling rates for 2005/6 are

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-33510331208080374402007-01-10T17:47:00.000Z2007-01-10T18:39:07.174Z

Council taxes may go up soon.Apparently Ken Livingstone will soon come under pressure regarding the £900m shortfall in funding the Olympics.The original deal, as set out in the Memorandum of Understanding, is that any shortfall would be met either by the Lottery or council tax. However, the Big Lottery Fund has expressed its unwillingness to pay any extra.Ken Livingstone has repeatedly vowed that

Belnoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-44669251996389975912007-01-08T09:35:00.000Z2008-12-09T08:25:05.503Z

Hammersmith and Fulham to become the torch bearer for a better deal for London Council Taxpayer.

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-80964238671607745942007-01-05T09:00:00.001Z2007-01-05T09:00:47.721Z

In a letter in this morning's Telegraph, the Mayor of London, Ken Livingstone has said the "Ninety five per cent of Tube journeys in London are not paid for in cash." If this is true why is it that on average less than fifty per cent of the machines in stations are Oyster machines? If so many of us use Oyster cards why is Livingstone and TfL so actively promoting the use of cash still?

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-21708058535348721102006-12-29T13:18:00.000Z2008-12-09T08:25:05.571Z

Ken Livingstone's track record of attempting to look important on the international stage usually ends up with Londoners footing a large bill, as he saddles up to his left-wing buddies in South America.So it comes as no surprise that it was announced yesterday, that Ken is planning a massive festival across London, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Castro revoltion in Cuba.The event, which

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-17884229433884920532006-12-29T11:49:00.001Z2008-12-09T08:25:05.588Z

The London mayor, Ken Livingstone, yesterday made a veiled accusation that Hammersmith and Fulham Council was corrupt. Hammersmith and Fulham had requested as part of their new building projects that there be a reduction in the number of new affordable homes built in a particular ward on the grounds that the overall number of affordable homes in the ward already far exceeded the 35% requirement

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-40517921326856358212006-12-28T15:08:00.000Z2006-12-28T15:10:26.226Z

Then work for Transport For LondonAcross the whole TfL “group” the number paid over £50K is a staggering 821. The group employs 76 people who earn over £100K.Nice work if you can get it. Shame its the commuters and taxpayers of London that pick up the bill.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-3495752622623847502006-12-21T13:20:00.000Z2006-12-21T13:25:06.914Z

Matthew Parris says he is planning to set up a 'Tories for Ken' campaignRumours circulate that Ken Livingstone, the Mayor of London, has hinted that if the Government rats on its promises to go ahead with the London Crossrail project, he will leave the Labour Party and stand in the 2008 mayoral elections as an independent.The problem with this idea is that Ken Livingstone doesn't make the

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-55552495059900038902006-12-18T11:55:00.000Z2006-12-18T11:56:09.031Z

Not, I would imagine spending public money on a publicity campaign calling for a debate on the merits of nuclear power. And doing so in tandem with the less than open-minded Greenpeace takes this from being dodgy to the status of full blown public outrage. That, however, is what we London council tax payers will be funding for one Kenneth Robert Livingstone. More details, straight from the

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-39423104265350217732006-12-18T08:01:00.000Z2006-12-18T08:05:31.828Z

Daniel Pipes, known for his critical articles on Islam and the Middle East, has been invited by Red Ken to take part in a debate.London Mayor has invited Dr. Daniel Pipes to debate him at a conference billed as - "A World Civilisation or a Clash of Civilisations?Whilst one hopes that Mr Pipes skewers him, I can't help wondering if this is the best use of tax payers money.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1164871286118657002006-11-30T07:17:00.000Z2006-11-30T07:26:22.626Z

Words of wisdom from the Conservative Party leader.Tory leader David Cameron has attacked the mayor of London as an "ageing far left politician" hanging onto outdated notions about ethnic minorities. He said Ken Livingstone preferred to see them as "potential agents of revolutionary change" rather than as equals who just wanted a better life.David Cameron often infuriates me, but this is a

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1162884107936670362006-11-07T07:19:00.000Z2006-11-07T07:21:47.936Z

We thought that maybe he'd left those crazy days behind him, but apparently not.LEFTIE London Mayor Ken Livingstone has launched an astonishing anti-US rant while sunning himself in Cuba.He praised communist Cuban leader Fidel Castro and denounced President Bush. And he claimed Cuba had “been able to give its people the best standard of health care, brilliant education”, despite an “illegal

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1162883749898348582006-11-07T07:12:00.000Z2006-11-07T07:15:49.916Z

Poor Ken must be heart broken, his hero Hugo has dropped out of their date.From This Sceptered Isle:

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1162537723570589242006-11-03T06:59:00.000Z2006-11-03T07:08:43.586Z

I had this story brought to my attention by a commenter, but thanks to the incredibly poor way in which the BBC reported it, I misunderstood. The BBC seemed to suggest that Ken was unaware of Mohammed Kamel Mostafa's links to terrorism. However, this was not the case as we see here.Mohammed Kamel Mostafa, 25, from Wembley, was given a security pass and had access to restricted areas - including

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1162391246208899912006-11-01T14:19:00.000Z2006-11-01T14:27:26.256Z

What does Mr Livingstone think his job is? When he is not worrying about South America, he wants to be the Green Movement's version of Stalin:Ken Livingstone, mayor of London, is these days possessed of one great idea. Climate change, and how to avert it, consumes him. It now informs all his decisions on transport. It is top of his agenda for social housing and new building developments.So the

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1162293304969073372006-10-31T11:08:00.000Z2006-10-31T11:15:05.056Z

The Pub Philosopher has noticed that London's Great Leader has a strange definition of Islamophobia:Islamophobia is discrimination, intolerance or hostility towards Islam and Muslims.Take this literally and you have the end of religious freedom in the UK. Hostility toward a religion or all religions is an important part of our freedom.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1161847767460220182006-10-26T07:27:00.000Z2006-10-26T07:29:27.476Z

Whilst the Conservative party is still trying to lure Nick Ferrari, UKIP have got themselves a Radio Personality candidate.Radio presenter James Whale could become the UK Independence Party's candidate for London mayor in 2008.So it could be the newt lover versus the whale.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1161153083626865942006-10-18T06:25:00.000Z2006-10-18T06:31:23.626Z

The mayor has an almost touching naivety over the good intentions of his South American best buddy:There is no evidence that fingerprinting technology has been used to abuse human rights in Venezuela. I have no reason to believe that the government would use the technology to do so in future.Here we have an authoritarian populist, who has abused his position to ensure his grip on power. A former

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1161152653633652592006-10-18T06:14:00.000Z2006-10-18T06:24:13.653Z

Mr Livingston likes to shout about his green credentials. He has changed his mind over the tax formerly known as the congestion charge, and now proclaims it an environmental levy. So it will come as no surprise that he has exempted this electric car, from the congestion charge, it fits with his new found religion.Unfortunately, the car is a complete environmental fraud, if we take the take into

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1161016014546346572006-10-16T16:25:00.000Z2006-10-16T16:26:54.560Z

Millions of pounds will be wasted over the next three years as Mayor Ken strives to achieve his Oyster dream.Ken and TfL's strategy to date, has been a massive hike in cash fares, and the reduction of Ticket Office opening times across the Network, last February. However, the next strategy will end up with the millions of pounds already spent on station refurbishment projects being wasted.A

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1159777312332166792006-10-02T08:09:00.000Z2006-10-02T08:21:52.353Z

One of those things that sets politicians with principles apart from those without, is that they do not use their elevated position to make life difficult for weak opponents.Men like Livingstone however, revel in the power that they have.Back in June, with that beacon of democracy Hugo Chavez in London, he took the opportunity to make derogatory public remarks about a Venezuelan Blogger. The

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1159298414377945132006-09-26T19:18:00.001Z2006-09-26T19:20:14.423Z

Earlier this month, serf blogged about the failed tram plans from TfL. Well today I've heard of a similar story, but this time it's in Peckham, an area which has rightly seen substantial regeneration investment during the last few years. It appears that Livingstone wants to allow a large area of Peckham’s town centre to be blighted by plans for a Tram Depot on it. The Depot would form part of the

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1159298369953827402006-09-26T19:18:00.000Z2006-09-26T19:19:29.970Z

Earlier this month, serf blogged about the failed tram plans from TfL. Well today I've heard of a similar story, but this time it's in Peckham, an area which has rightly seen substantial regeneration investment during the last few years. It appears that Livingstone wants to allow a large area of Peckham’s town centre to be blighted by plans for a Tram Depot on it. The Depot would form part of the

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1159179064493072662006-09-25T10:07:00.000Z2006-09-25T10:11:04.506Z

Subsidies that would make a French farmer blush are being shovelled into the London bus service.In 2004/05 - the most recent year for which fully validated data is available - the bus network required a subsidy of £550 million.Streamlined and efficient government I am sure.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1159094293389656172006-09-24T10:37:00.000Z2006-09-24T10:38:13.403Z

Apparently the results of a survey by the Association of London Government into the new powers that have been bestowed on Livingstone will be released tomorrow. Word is they're not exactly positive towards the idea of dictator Livingstone. There are already cross-party supported mutterings against Livingstone's powers in Camden, and these survey results will show a similar backlash across the

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1158259436241808052006-09-14T18:37:00.000Z2006-09-14T18:43:56.266Z

City Hall's media centre has a puff piece on how the building has "has been given the go ahead for state-of-the-art photovoltaic solar panels to generate non-polluting energy". The breathless prose does not, however, give any indication as to what percentage of the building's electricity will come from these panels, nor, of course, quite how much these 'state of the art' panels actually cost.

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1158230237693314092006-09-14T10:36:00.000Z2006-09-14T10:38:05.336Z

In the latest show of anti-Americanism from Ken Livingstone, the news of his deal with ardent George Bush critic, Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez, is completely wrong in so many ways.Firstly, the deal itself. Ken has brokered the deal to allow him to get subsidised oil from Venezuela, in return for consultancy advice on transport, CCTV, and finger printing. Sounds like an opportunity for another

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1158072979162573792006-09-12T15:50:00.000Z2006-09-12T18:30:10.916Z

Ken Livingstone yesterday announced his latest move for forcing people on to the Oyster card, and penalise those who still pay for their fares by cash.In the January fares revision, a zone 1 tube fare is will rise by a staggering 33% from £3 to £4 for a single journey. Cash fares for bus journeys in zone one will also rise from £1.50 to £2 as part of the fares package.In his speech Livingstone

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1158070854056321642006-09-12T14:15:00.000Z2006-09-12T14:20:54.106Z

I know that readers will be unwilling to believe such slander against the great leader, but I have it on good authority.Ken claims that better management of the London Transport system has enabled a less than previously expected increase in ticket prices. Unfortunately it seems that most of the money actually came from central government and that cash fairs are going up by a whopping third.You

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157468822215073582006-09-05T15:01:00.000Z2006-09-05T15:08:18.740Z

The London.gov.uk site contains KL's message of 'good will' for Rosh Hashanah. In the light of his less than sensitive interventions on matters Jewish, it is perhaps not surprising that he is not attending the Simcha to be held in Trafalagar Square on the 17th, but instead sending Nicky Gavron....

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157461571377510842006-09-05T13:05:00.000Z2006-09-05T13:06:11.400Z

A few days ago, Ken Livingstone's monopoly transport provider, TfL, made a press announcement which was heavily picked up around the world saying that Oyster Card are to go on sale in India, Hong Kong, Singapore, Spain, Portugal and the US via VisitBritain online shops.Can anyone smell a junket coming on? What exactly is wrong with selling Oyster Cards at the airports and train stations? Why such

dizzynoreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157365960916022482006-09-04T10:28:00.000Z2006-09-04T10:32:40.936Z

From This is LondonTRANSPORT for London has spent £24.5 million on the controversial West London Tram scheme, despite the possibility that it may not go ahead.Funding depends on the central government providing the money, the residents along the route largely oppose the project and yet they forge ahead.Mere democracy cannot be allowed to get in the way of Ken's grand vision, nor stop the nice

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157092134361907532006-09-01T07:27:00.000Z2006-09-01T06:32:07.340Z

In a live radio interview yesterday, Mayor Ken showed us all why he should not be re-elected in 2008.During the interview he accused Britain's Racial equality chief, Trevor Phillips, of being so right wing that he could join the BNP.The mayor, who fell out with Mr Phillips in the fight to lead London, told BBC London radio: “I don’t know where Trevor Phillips is going. I mean I remember when we

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157093321566654402006-09-01T06:45:00.000Z2006-09-01T06:48:41.576Z

Ken Livingstone has called Trevor Phillips of the Commission for Racial Equality, a self publicist, who is only interested in getting into the papers.Note to Ken, take a look in the mirror. He should also take into consideration the fact that Mr Phillips doesn't have a £100 Million self publicity budget.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1157005188718558162006-08-31T06:11:00.000Z2006-08-31T06:19:48.736Z

In the fourth of our series of interviews with prospective Conservative Party mayoral candidates we've spoken to Lee Rotherham. As with all our interviewees, we'd like to thank Lee for taking the time out to answer our questions.As you’d probably agree, whoever is the Mayor of London should have affinity with the city. So what do you most like about living in London? I suppose it’s the weight of

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1156765249143213752006-08-28T11:31:00.000Z2006-08-28T11:40:49.156Z

One of the things that mark true democracies apart from tyrannies is that those in power are not allowed to indulge in abuse of power. Property rights cannot be overturned by whim. Unfortunately, The People's Republic of London is different.THE mayor of London, Ken Livingstone, has put a question mark over the £600m-plus sale of London City airport by suggesting its future could be up for

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1156431020436430712006-08-24T14:48:00.000Z2006-08-24T14:50:20.450Z

Ken's bendy buses have increased fare evasion on one London route (Ilford to Oxford Circus) to the point that 1 in 8 passengers has an invalid ticket. Most people have been aware for some time of the problem of people just getting on the back of bendy buses and then jumping off again without swiping their card. However, since Ken got rid of the Routemasters which had conductors without increasing

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1155666248091465632006-08-15T18:14:00.000Z2006-08-15T18:36:51.840Z

In the third of our series of interviews with prospective Conservative Party mayoral candidates we've spoken to London Assembly Member, Richard Barnes. As with all our interviewees, we'd like to thank Richard for taking the time out to answer our questions.As you’d probably agree, whoever is the Mayor of London should have affinity with the city. So what do you most like about living in London?

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1155278619228071552006-08-11T06:17:00.000Z2006-08-11T06:43:39.240Z

Most of us worry about those unfortunates that live in less developed countries. Governments of rich countries like the UK send billions each year to help those worse off. Now it seems that Red Ken is to reverse the process. Last winter Chavez delivered cut-rate oil to low-income Americans through Citgo, the Houston-based subsidiary of Venezuela's state-owned oil company. He offered to do the

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1155118191527073082006-08-09T10:05:00.000Z2006-08-09T10:09:51.540Z

When we have finally got rid of Ken, maybe they would like him in Tehran. They certainly take close notice of what he says.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1155111943617278092006-08-09T08:15:00.000Z2006-08-09T10:41:41.543Z

Most of us would think that his current responsibilities are quite enough to fill his working day, but apparently not. The Sun notes his intervention to assist that renowned London band, the Scissor Sisters (they come from a borough called New York) to play a gig in Trafalgar Square.It notes "The former Labour MP — known as Red Ken because of his Left-wing rants — put pressure on the capital’s

Croydonianhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/14670533609622717223noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154947927823466622006-08-07T10:52:00.000Z2006-08-07T10:52:07.836Z

Sadly, James Cleverly has withdrawn from the race for the Tory mayoral candidate spot. A real shame, but we wish James the best of luck.

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154933833309306012006-08-07T06:54:00.000Z2006-08-07T06:57:13.320Z

I came across an interesting post that mentioned Mr Livingstone's favourite play thing. The government is systematically trying to monitor our every movement. 'Red Ken' is currently using his Oyster Card scheme to register every person who uses public transport, not just in London but in the entire in the South East of England (I should imagine most of them) where half the population lives.Is

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154848283925630912006-08-06T06:46:00.000Z2006-08-06T07:16:30.876Z

Following on from our recent interview with hopeful Mayoral candidate Victoria Borwick, today we have another. This time it's fellow blogger, James Cleverly. We'd like to thank James for taking the time to talk to us.As you’d probably agree, whoever is the Mayor of London should have affinity with the city. So what do you most like about living in London?On Wednesday I bought a Bento box from a

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154697757521254552006-08-04T13:20:00.000Z2006-08-04T13:23:14.473Z

ConservativeHome is reporting the following statement from Francis Maude:Eight weeks ago we set out plans to give every Londoner the chance to become the Conservative Partys candidate for Mayor of London, and to give all Londoners the chance to play a part in the selection process.Since then we have received a number of excellent applications. This has been extremely encouraging. We have also

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154679997279415642006-08-04T08:18:00.000Z2006-08-04T08:26:37.293Z

Hobnobbing with important people for a change (and not terrorists or dictators) Mr Livingstone had the following piece of wisdom to share with us:"There is no bigger task for humanity than to avert catastrophic climate change.Some of us would beg to differ. Here are some statistics on a few bigger tasks that face us: Measles, malaria and diarrhea are three of the biggest killers of children —

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154595542030114622006-08-03T08:58:00.000Z2006-08-03T09:03:42.260Z

The Telegraph's Spy diary column says Eric Ollerenshaw, the non-A listed Hackney councillor who was somehow considered "local" in the Eltham selection process, is planning to run for the Tory candidacy for Mayor. The closing date for applications is tomorrow, and Celia Walden says that her source told her, "Eric's a straight-talking former deputy head who represents a gritty patch of inner London

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154510151003501442006-08-02T09:12:00.000Z2006-08-02T09:16:40.590Z

Interesting piece on Comment is Free by Julian Glover suggesting the only person suitable to be the Tory candidate for London Mayor is John Major because of his profile. Sounds great but I imagine China becoming a democracy tomorrow is more likely. Hat tip: Iain Dale

dizzynoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154442143709260332006-08-01T14:21:00.000Z2006-08-01T14:31:11.933Z

A few week's ago, serf posted about two of the prospective Conservative alternatives to Ken. During the last week we managed to arrange an interview with one of those potential candidates, Victoria Borwick. We would like to thank her for taking the time out of her schedule to answer our questions.As you’d probably agree, whoever is the Mayor of London should have affinity with the city. So what

dizzynoreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154429666356626152006-08-01T10:51:00.000Z2006-08-01T10:54:26.366Z

Once more Ken is more interested in world affairs than the problems of London. London Mayor Ken Livingstone yesterday called for the "largest possible" turnout at a national demonstration demanding an immediate ceasefire between Israel and the Hezbollah militia in Lebanon.Why does this meglomaniac think it is his job to support particular demonstrations? Could it be because he thinks the everyday

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154152783693563522006-07-29T05:59:00.000Z2006-07-29T05:59:43.703Z

If you've ever wondered what the Mayor's real opinion is of Greater London Assembly members then a quote from him in yesterday's Evening Standard is certainly revealing.When he was asked about the prospect of facing Lord Stevens at the ballot box he said that he wasn't sure Lord Steven could stand "two and a half hours each month, [of] tedious questions by members of the London Assembly".Should

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1154151298307712442006-07-29T05:01:00.000Z2006-07-29T06:11:16.303Z

Not content with making every motorists life a misery, Ken is now turning his attentions on to one of his "success" stories, the cyclist.In Ken's latest brainwave, he wants all cyclists in London to fit number plates to their bikes. All bikes then would be registered so that riders, caught on traffic and CCTV cameras breaking the law, can be punished and fined.Speaking on LBC yesterday He said "I

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153843174324765012006-07-25T15:56:00.000Z2006-07-25T16:01:57.740Z

Back in May I posted about Ken Livingstone's plans to start congestion charging for the entire Greater london area - that is to say within the M25. Today this plan became official policy when Livingstone announced that his "Low Emmission Zone" plan would begin in 2008, when he would start charging lorries, buses and coaches that fail to meet a minimum pollution standard if they drive within

dizzynoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153735412644943662006-07-24T09:58:00.000Z2006-07-24T10:03:32.656Z

A good post on Conservative Home, highlighting what we have mentioned here before.You can hardly go to the cinema in London without one of the Mayor's propaganda ads appearing. The Londoner newspaper contains pro-Ken publicity alongside practical information about life in the capital. The Conservative Party should be exposing this political use of council taxpayers' money and investigating who is

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153677982850129652006-07-24T01:59:00.000Z2006-07-23T18:06:22.943Z

Ken promised, in a letter to The Times last week, that the 2012 Olympics would be the "greenest" ever. Which is all part of his plan to make the capital a lower emission zone.However, as previously reported on this blog, Ken's plans are, as usual, well off the mark.This is most obvious in the way he is currently dealing with one of the companies trading within the boundaries of the planned

The Last Boy Scoutnoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153482666758492062006-07-21T11:49:00.000Z2006-07-21T11:51:06.773Z

Anyone who gets the tube iat the moment knows only too well how bloody hot it is downt here. The tube network, whilst probably the most complex in the world, also happens to be the oldest. The result is no air-conditioning on trains whatsoever, and temperatures which can soar past 50 degrees celsius.Three years ago, our illustrious Mayor Ken decided that he would have an open competition to

dizzynoreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153399521000920572006-07-20T12:44:00.000Z2006-07-20T12:45:21.013Z

Check this Blog for details of that obnoxious little liar's problems with the truth.

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153380474005034722006-07-20T07:23:00.000Z2006-07-20T07:27:54.020Z

The Borough of Haringey has voted to approve a new planning system.The UDP will shape planning decisions made in Haringey until 2016 and, in its present state, could see new homes packed in to the borough at two to three times the current density.The people of the borough are up in arms and the councillors are none to happy either. So why did they vote for it?Haringey Council had to approve the

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1153205463297457392006-07-18T06:42:00.000Z2006-07-18T06:51:03.306Z

The details of the selection process are still a little hazy, but we have already had two hats thrown into the ring:First off the mark was Warwick Lightfoot, former Mayor of Kensington and Chelsea.Quick to follow, we have Cllr Mrs Victoria Borwick.I know nothing about either of them, but I am sure they would both be better than Ken.I have added links to their websites in the Blogroll

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1152895346913978352006-07-14T16:16:00.000Z2006-07-14T16:42:27.143Z

Yesterday, the Government gave Ken further powers over London that effectively make his office a dictatorship over the notional state of Greater London. He now has executive control over planning, skills, public health, environment and housing. As a result power is being dragged up from borough into an all powerful single figurehead office.Sir Simon Milton, the leader of Westminister city council

dizzynoreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1152861872420513682006-07-14T07:24:00.000Z2006-07-14T07:24:32.436Z

There's a rumour going around that Nick Ferrari (the LBC 97.3 Breakfast show presenter) has decided to enter the planned Open primary to find a Conservative Party to run against against Ken Livingstone at the next mayoral election in 2008. Nick has been mulling it over on his blog and his show over the past week (even inviting people to call in and ask him questions). Nick Ferrari would, I'm sure

dizzynoreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1152768650517736862006-07-13T05:26:00.000Z2006-07-13T05:49:48.820Z

Yesterday, Red Ken announced his plans for greater revenue to his quango TfL under the guise of environmentalism. Livingstone said that he's going to make Central London a low-emmission zone and to do this he's going to start charging the owners of so-called "chelsea tractors", £25 per day to drive in the CC zone. "'Chelsea tractors', many of which are responsible for some of the highest CO2

dizzynoreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28081641.post-1152001216544757462006-07-04T06:42:00.000Z2006-07-04T08:20:16.596Z

Ken is a man with very strange priorities. You would think that being Mayor of one of the worlds Great Cities would be enough responsibility for one person. Not for Ken apparently:Mayor Ken Livingstone is to become the president of the Venezuela Information Centre (VIC) campaign after recently hosting a visit to London by Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez.Somehow I can't see how this job is

Serfhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/03298915724856708344noreply@blogger.com1